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Showing posts from November, 2012

How to Build a Simple LED Cube 4x4x4 - Part 2

Building the Cube Structure In part one we prepared all LEDs for the assembly of the cube. Now, we start in earnest... Step2: Build the groups Each group consists of eight LEDs. Here they are: You need a template to assemble the LED groups. My LEDs are 5mm, so I drilled a set of 8 5mm-holes in two rows with 4 holes each into a piece of wood. Insert 4 LEDs in the upper row of the

How to Build a Simple LED Cube 4x4x4 - Part 1

Project Features Easy to build Only two active components (apart from the LEDs, of course) Includes detailed build instructions, schematics and software Introduction When I posted my charlieplexed 4x4x4 LED cube I did so in order to show an alternative implementation for such a cube. Its unique feature is that it only uses 9 controller ports. For some reason it gets a lot of interest

Different types of Castings defects

A properly designed casting, a properly prepared mould and correctly malted metal should result in a defect free casting. However, if proper control is not exercised in the foundry-sometimes it is too expensive - a variety of defects may result in a casting. These defects may be the result of: (a) improper pattern design, (b) improper mould and core construction, (c) improper melting practice,

Different types of patterns used in casting

Pattern: A replica of the the final casting, used to form the mold cavity. A pattern is an element used for making cavities in the mould, into which molten metal is poured to produce a casting. It is not an exact replica of the casting desired. There are certain essential differences. It is slightly larger than the desired casting, due to the various allowances (shrinkage

Casting - The basic steps of casting and its applications

What is Casting : Casting is one of the most ancient processes of manufacturing metallic components. Also with few exceptions it is the first step of manufacturing metallic components. The Basic steps of casting 1. Melting the metal. 2. Pouring it into a previously made mould or cavity which

Flux shielded metal arc welding process principle

In the flux shielded metal arc welding process coalescence is produced from the electric arc. Here the electric arc is produced between the workpiece and the electrode. Here is to mention that the electrode is coated by flux to prevent oxide formation. In other other words the coating prevents contamination from the environment. This coating also helps in performing stability and weld metal

Advantages and Disadvantages of Submerged Arc Welding

Advantages of Submerged Arc Welding 1. Molten flux provides very suitable conditions for high current to flow. Great intensities of heat can be generated and kept concentrated to weld thicker sections with deep penetrations. 2. Because of high heat concentration, considerably higher welding speeds can be caused. 3. Because of high heat concentration and high welding speeds weld distortion is

Enthalpy and Entropy and Internal energy

Internal energy in thermodynamics Internal energy is defined as the sum of microscopic energies of all the molecules of a system which may appear in several complex forms. These forms may include Inter-molecular potential energy, associated with forces between the molecules. Molecular K.E associated with transitional and rotational velocity of each molecules. Intra molecular energy

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) or MIG Welding

Gas Metal Arc Welding is generally known as MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding. Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding is a commonly used high deposition rate welding process. Wire is continuously supplied from a spool. MIG welding is known to as a semiautomatic welding process. Principle of Operation Gas and water flow are checked again and again before catching the fire (igniting). Proper