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The CI engine combustion process is extremely complex − It depends on the characteristics of the fuel the design of the engine's combustion chamber and fuel-injection system the engine's operating conditions The process is an unsteady, heterogeneous,three-dimensional combustion process. Some important consequences of diesel combustion are as follows: Injection

Similitude Applied to Engine Design For a new design the number, and, therefore, the size, of cylinders to be used for a given power output is an extremely important decision In practice, the greatest differences in cylinder design are caused by the differing requirements of various types of service. Within each service category, however, a surprising degree of similitude in cylinder design

Types of molding sand: Green sand: Natural sand with moisture Dry sand: Not suitable for large castings Facing sand: This sand is used directly next to the surface of the pattern and comes into contact with the molten metal when the mould is poured. As a result, it is subjected to the severest

The CPI system or Commence Primary Ignition Includes a battery, switch, resistor, coil, distributor, spark plugs, and the necessary wiring. When ignition is required, the breaker points are opened by the action of the distributor cam, interrupting the primary current flow. The resulting decay of magnetic flux in the coil induces a voltage in both the primary and secondary winding. The