Hazardous Zones Protection Techniques for Oil & Gas Industry

 Different protection techniques are used to address the hazardous zones :-
ZONES
Ex d
Flameproof (Explosion proof) Enclosure
1, 2
Ex e
Increased Safety
1, 2
Ex ia
Intrinsically Safe
0, 1, 2
Ex ib
Intrinsically Safe
1, 2
Ex o
Oil Immersion
2
Ex p
Pressurized Apparatus (Purged Apparatus)
1, 2
Ex q
Powder Filling (Sand Filling)
2
Ex m
Encapsulation
1, 2
Ex n or Ex N
Non incentive or/and normally no sparking circuits
2

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